Bibliographic record
Abstract
One-dimensional groundwater transport modelling replicates the distribution of chloride ion concentrations measured in pore water from Champlain Sea muds, 2.8 km southeast of Kinburn, Ontario. The best fitting model simulations produce quantitative estimates of upward vertical specific discharge (q) between 0.84 and 0.97 mm/annum (mm/a) for the boundary conditions used. The average measured porosity of n = 0.55 allows calculation of a well-constrained range of average linear groundwater velocities, v = 1.5 to 1.8 mm/a. The ~100-m thickness of Champlain Sea muds at the Kinburn site is large relative to the solute transport distance. Consequently, up to 98% of the modelled initial Champlain Sea water signature in pore water was preserved at the measured peak concentration. Chloride concentrations decrease to fresh water values both above and below the position of the maximum concentration. This study demonstrates that transport modelling of such a complete concentration profile effectively constrains the range of groundwater flow rates in Champlain Sea muds.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".