First Report of Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus Infecting <i>Bougainvillea</i> Species in Hainan, China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 11First Report of Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus Infecting Bougainvillea Species in Hainan, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus Infecting Bougainvillea Species in Hainan, ChinaXueren Cao, Haiyan Che, Nuredin Habili, Cao Mengji, and Shifang LiXueren Caohttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-7888Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China, Haiyan CheKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China, Nuredin HabiliSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia, Cao Mengjihttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-262XNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, ChinaAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, and Shifang Li†Corresponding author: S. F. Li; E-mail Address: sfli@ippcaas.cnKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100191, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Xueren Cao1 Haiyan Che1 Nuredin Habili2 Cao Mengji3 4 Shifang Li1 5 † 1Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China 2School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia 3National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China 4Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 5State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China Published Online:16 Sep 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2631-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleBougainvillea, a species including B. glabra, B. spectabilis, and B. peruviana, is a perennial flowering plant widely grown in the world that is the symbol flower of Hainan Province in China. In August 2019, bougainvillea plants with leaves exhibiting virus-like symptoms including foliar chlorosis, vein-banding, leaf distortion, and wrinkling were observed in Danzhou, Haikou, and Baoting cities in Hainan Province with disease incidence exceeding 30% (n = 100). Symptomatic leaves of B. glabra from two different plants from Danzhou were collected and divided into two groups based on their symptoms: one group included leaves with leaf distortion and wrinkling, and the other leaves exhibiting chlorosis and vein-banding. Crude extracts of leaf samples from the two groups and an asymptomatic control were prepared by grinding 1 g of leaf tissue in 9 ml of sterilized pure water with a mortar and pestle. They were first examined by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining by phosphotungstic acid. Bacilliform virus particles of 160 to 185 nm long and 29 to 38 nm wide were observed in crude extracts of symptomatic leaf tissues, whereas no virus particles were observed in the asymptomatic control. The virus present in these samples was identified using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Leaf samples were sent to the Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co. for total RNA preparation. Small RNA libraries were subsequently built and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. A total of 9,488,366 and 7,811,515 reads were obtained for the two groups, respectively. After removing adaptors, the reads were de novo assembled using VELVET with a k-mer of 17, which generated 1,210 and 1,258 contigs (>50 nucleotides [nt]), respectively. Two longer contigs with a size of 8,715 and 8,697 nt were, respectively, obtained from these two sample groups. BLAST analysis revealed the first assembled contig (7,927 out of 8,715 bp) shared 98.9 and 98.6% sequence homology with the complete genome of bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus (BsCVBV) isolates from Malaysia (MK816926) and Taiwan (EU034539), respectively. The other assembled contig (7,922 out of 8,697 bp) shared 99.0 and 98.6% identity with the complete genome of BsCVBV isolates from Malaysia and Taiwan, respectively. To further confirm the occurrence of this virus in source samples, viral DNA of the two samples used for HTS was extracted, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the primers BadnaF (5′-AAAGACCATGAGAAGCATC-3′) and BadnaR (5′-ATAAGCATCAGGGGGTG-3′) (Alexandre et al. 2016). Amplicons of the expected size of 400 bp were generated by PCR and sequenced. The two amplicons shared 100% nucleotide identity, and one sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no. MN764362). BLASTn analysis showed that the amplified fragment was 99.8% identical to BsCVBV isolate from Taiwan (DQ347841). Furthermore, 14 leaf samples, from eight symptomatic (six from B. glabra and two from B. spectabilis) and six asymptomatic plants (five from B. glabra and one from B. spectabilis) were used for the molecular detection of the virus by PCR. Amplicons of the expected size (400 bp) were generated for the eight symptomatic pants, whereas no PCR product was obtained using leaves of six asymptomatic plants. Bougainvillea infections by BsCVBV have been reported from Brazil, India, Malaysia, and Taiwan (Alexandre et al. 2016; Baranwal et al. 2010; Tsai et al. 2008; Yusop et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of BsCVBV infection of Bougainvillea in Hainan, China. This study lays the groundwork for the detection of the virus, and further work is necessary to determine the distribution of the virus and its impact on Bougainvillea cultivation in Hainan.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Alexandre, M. A. V., et al. 2016. J. Phytopathol. 164:125. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12394 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarBaranwal, V. K., et al. 2010. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 76:236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-010-0234-5 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTsai, C. H., et al. 2008. Ann. Appl. Biol. 153:187. ISI, Google ScholarYusop, M. S. M., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:2974. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-19-0292-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (No. 1630042019015).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 11 November 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPlants of Echinacea purpurea affected by Verticillium dahliae (A. Garibaldi et al.). Photo credit: M. L. Gullino. Spinach plant infected with Stemphylium leaf spot (K. A. Spawton et al.). Photo credit: M. T. McGrath. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 30 Oct 2020Published: 16 Sep 2020First Look: 27 May 2020Accepted: 26 May 2020 Pages: 3087-3087 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingCentral Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesGrant/Award Number: 1630042019015Keywordsviruses and viroidsornamentalsherbaceous/flowering plantspathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byFirst report of Nigrospora lacticolonia causing leaf spot of Bougainvillea spectabilis in China16 June 2022 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, No. 5

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