Characteristics of alexithymia and social support defects in patients with somatoform disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the affective and somatic symptoms of patients with somatoform disorders (SFD) and their related factors to their social support and alexithymia. Methods Seventy-one patients with SFD and 75 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire 15-Item Somatic Symptom Severity Scale (PHQ-15), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were evaluated for all subjects. Results (1) The total scores of all the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PHQ-15 in patients group were significantly higher than that in HC (t=46.67, 41.24, 49.64, P<0.01). (2) Except the objective social support, subject social support and social support utilization in SFD group were lower than those in HC (36.97±6.74 vs. 40.54±5.47, 19.34±3.17 vs. 23.53±3.62, 6.41±3.13 vs. 8.36±2.43; t=7.46, 4.28, 3.52; P<0.01). There were significant differences in TAS-20 between the two groups (t=8.08, 8.52, 5.54, 7.35, P<0.01). (3) By the correlation analysis in patient group, the sum score of the affective and somatic symptom (PHQ-9+GAD-7+PHQ-15) was significantly correlated to the subjective social support, social support utilization, social support total score, TAS-Ⅰ, TAS-Ⅱ, TAS-Ⅲ and TAS-20 total score (r=-0.372, -0.359, -0.426, 0.368, 0.327, 0.306, 0.364, P<0.01). And the numbers of non-mental health clinic visits (χ1), social support utilization (χ2), adverse reactions(χ3), TAS-Ⅱ (χ4) and TAS-Ⅰ (χ5) contributed to the multiple regression equation for the sum of PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PHQ-15 scores. Conclusion The alexithymia and incapability of perceiving and utilizing social support, numbers of visits in non-mental health clinic and the medication adverse reactions that subjectively perceived in the patients with SFD may be the key factors that could impact their affective and somatic symptoms. Key words: Anxiety; Depression; Somatoform disorders; Social support; Alexithymia
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".