The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base- Sakmarian Stage (Cisuralian, Lower Permian)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Sakmarian Stage represents a critical time interval because the Late Paleozoic Ice Age reached its acme during this time. After extensive studies, we herein use the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of the conodont Mesogondolella monstra within the lineage from M. uralensisM. mons-traM. manifesta at Bed 26/3 of the Usolka section in the southern Urals, Russia, as the primary signal for the base-Sakmarian GSSP. The first occurrence of the conodont Sweetognathus binodosus within the lineage from Sw. aff. merrilliSw. binodosus is used as an auxiliary marker for the base of the Sakmarian Stage. An extrapolated age for this GSSP is 293.52 0.17 Ma produced by a Monte Carlo simulation based on two ash beds dated by chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS). The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic value based on conodont apatite for the base of the Sakmarian Stage is approximately 0.70787. Two minor negative excursions in 13 C carb are present at the boundary levels and the upper one is consistent with the GSSP level. The documentation of fusulinaceans, ammonoids, brachiopods and palynology also aid intercontinental and marine-terrestrial correlation. The Usolka section meets the requirements for the GSSP and a monument has been established; correlation with sections in North America and South China is also well documented.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it