La population canadienne-française de l’Ouest des États-Unis. Un survol comparatif, 1850-1910
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On connaît peu de choses sur la population canadienne-française de l’Ouest américain, surtout avant que soit introduite une distinction entre les Canadiens français et les Canadiens anglais dans le recensement américain de 1890. Utilisant pour la première fois un dictionnaire des patronymes canadiens-français appliqué aux microdonnées des recensements américains, ce texte trace les grands traits de la population canadienne-française de l’Ouest américain entre 1850 et 1910 en la comparant à celle des autres régions des États-Unis. On y voit une population en croissance à la suite de l’arrivée de nouveaux immigrants, majoritairement des hommes, mais surtout en raison de l’augmentation du nombre de descendants d’immigrants. Au cours de cette période, des mouvements internes en provenance de l’Est sont aussi perceptibles, comme pour le reste de la population américaine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".