Novel Parallel-Processing-Based Hardware Implementation of Baseband Digital Predistorters for Linearizing Wideband 5G Transmitters
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, a real-time digital predistortion (DPD) hardware architecture is presented for the linearization of fifth-generation (5G) transmitters with wideband modulation signals. To overcome the linearization bandwidth constraint imposed by the maximum clock frequency of the digital circuit, a new parallel-processing DPD engine architecture is devised to allow multiple samples to be processed per clock cycle. To minimize the complexity and power consumption of the transmitter-observation-receiver that typically scales with the linearization bandwidth, an undersampling scheme using a single low-speed ADC optimized for hardware implementation is devised. The proposed real-time DPD architecture is implemented in a commercial field-programmable gate array that achieves a scalable linearization bandwidth of up to 2.4 GHz with a 300-MHz core clock rate for the digital circuits. The linearization performance and bandwidth scalability of the proposed real-time DPD system were demonstrated experimentally using a silicon-based Doherty power amplifier with a 400-MHz wideband signal operating at 28 GHz and over-the-air measurements using a 64-element beamforming array with an 800-MHz wideband signal also at 28 GHz.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it