Effects of environmental conditions on the axial tension–compression fatigue behavior of carbon/epoxy plain-weave laminates containing flaws
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on the axial fatigue behavior of a carbon/epoxy plain-weave laminate with an embedded flaw subjected to a partially reversed cyclic load (stress ratio R = −0.1) in tension–compression. This specific material is more commonly used in aerospace engineering for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts, which are directly exposed to various environmental conditions during service. Specific environmental and loading conditions that are appropriate to simulate real-life conditions are considered to observe and collect information about the material's behavior. For the investigation, dry and wet coupons were submitted to room temperature, 82 and 121 ℃ under loading frequencies of 7 and 15 Hz. A maximum allowable strain increase criterion is used to monitor the flaw growth threshold or delamination onset, during fatigue testing. The ultrasonic imaging (C-scan) technique is used to verify and confirm the delamination onset. Results show that the delamination onset strain increase criterion, along with fatigue life, generally decreased as the operating temperature and humidity were increased and that frequency had little effect on the delamination onset fatigue life. The S– N curves obtained from the tension–compression fatigue data were then compared to those of a previous work carried out in tension–tension fatigue loading. Results show a clear degradation in the delamination onset fatigue life of the coupons tested under tension–tension cyclic loading when the minimum tensile component of the cyclic load was replaced with a compressive load of the same magnitude.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".