Spatiotemporal chloride dynamics in hypothalamic CRH <sup>PVN</sup> neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Chloride (Cl - ) dynamics shape inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. In the hypothalamus, GABA signalling onto corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH PVN ) neurons can switch from inhibitory to excitatory during stress. Although Cl - fluctuations mediate this stress-dependent shift in GABA signalling, the underlying Cl - dynamics are poorly understood. Here, using a novel optogenetic strategy to load intracellular Cl - using halorhodopsin, we demonstrate that KCC2 rapidly restores Cl - setpoints in CRH PVN neurons from naïve animals, but that this process is slowed following stress. Further, we report that somatic Cl - homeostasis remains intact after stress. Our results strongly support the idea that KCC2 functions primarily to maintain Cl - setpoints and that inhibitory synapses onto dendritic and somatic compartments of CRH PVN neurons are differentially regulated during stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".