Spatiotemporal chloride dynamics in hypothalamic CRH <sup>PVN</sup> neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Chloride (Cl - ) dynamics shape inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. In the hypothalamus, GABA signalling onto corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH PVN ) neurons can switch from inhibitory to excitatory during stress. Although Cl - fluctuations mediate this stress-dependent shift in GABA signalling, the underlying Cl - dynamics are poorly understood. Here, using a novel optogenetic strategy to load intracellular Cl - using halorhodopsin, we demonstrate that KCC2 rapidly restores Cl - setpoints in CRH PVN neurons from naïve animals, but that this process is slowed following stress. Further, we report that somatic Cl - homeostasis remains intact after stress. Our results strongly support the idea that KCC2 functions primarily to maintain Cl - setpoints and that inhibitory synapses onto dendritic and somatic compartments of CRH PVN neurons are differentially regulated during stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".