Coping Behaviors of African Americans With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Focused Ethnography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Increased numbers of African Americans (AAs) are being diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the influence of culture on their coping. PURPOSE: To explore the beliefs and experiences of AAs with IBD and coping in the context of their culture. METHOD: Twelve AA adults with IBD were interviewed and observed using focused ethnography. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four themes: (1) spending time living in the bathroom, (2) time and food restricted eating practices and cultural food avoidance, (3) dealing with chronic stress and perceived racial injustice, and (4) the practice of seclusion to manage bathroom urgency and emotions of fear, anxiety, and embarrassment. DISCUSSION: Participants described coping and culture with experiences similar to other IBD populations, except in the area of perceived racial injustice. Opportunities for nurses to assist with stressors related to bathroom access, cultural eating practices, and participating in activities outside their homes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".