Clinical analysis of the effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function after acute ischemic stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of metabolic syndrome(MetS) and its individual components on cognitive impairment and neurological dysfunction in patients after acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 733 patients with acute ischemic stroke aged 60 to 83 years admitted in Tianjin Huanhu hospital from January 2010 to May 2018 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.The patients were divided into the non-metabolic syndrome(non-MetS) group and the metabolic syndrome(MetS) group according to the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome.Cognitive functions were evaluated by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Neuropsychiatric behavior was assessed by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI) questionnaire.Emotional state was examined according to the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-21). The degree of neurological impairment after stroke was evaluated by using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS). The activity of daily living was evaluated by Barthel index and the Activity of Daily Living(ADL) scale.The overnight fasting blood samples were obtained in order to determine biochemical indicators. Results The average age of first-onset of ischemic stroke was earlier, and the body mass index(BMI) was higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group(P<0.05). The levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), homocysteine(Hcy), fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) were higher, and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was lower in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group(P<0.05). In addition, the proportions of patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and smokers were higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group(P<0.05). The scores of MMSE, MoCA and BI were lower and the scores of NIHSS, NPI-Q and HADM-21 were higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group.MetS could increase the risk of cognitive impairment in patients after acute ischemic stroke(OR=3.169, 95% CI: 1.110-9.048). After adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical covariates, the estimated OR value for increasing the risk of cognitive impairment was further increased in MetS(OR=4.741, 95% CI: 2.027-7.427). Furthermore, the increased numbers of MetS components were significantly associated with the cognitive impairment in patients after stroke.With the increasing number of MetS components, the scores of MoCA and BI were decreased, and the scores of ADL, NIHSS, NPI-Q, HADM-21 and Hachinski ischemic scale(HIS) were increased.With the increasing number of MetS components, the degree of neurological impairment and the risk of injury were increased. Conclusions MetS is associated with the decline of cognitive function, neuromotor dysfunction and the increased risk for neuropsychological disorders in patients after acute ischemic stroke. Key words: Metabolic syndrome; Stroke; Cognition; Neuropsychological tests; Movement disorders
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".