Piezoelectric Ring-Actuator Technique: In-Depth Scrutiny of Interpretation Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The piezoelectric ring-actuator technique (P-RAT) is a recent laboratory technique for the measurement of shear wave velocity (Vs) of soils. The measurement is based on transmission of a mechanical signal through the soil specimen with source and receiver transducers capsulated, for instance, in the end platens of an oedometer cell. An interpretative framework of the signals produced in the P-RAT has also been developed to minimize the subjectivity of the process and provide a consistent approach to Vs determination. However, there are some issues that would potentially affect the quality of the signals; consequently, biases of the velocity determination have not yet been explicitly discussed, such as the effects of sample and sensor characteristics as well as the signals used to excite the P-RAT sensors. P-RAT experiments on two different soils using different sensors, input signals, and oedometer cells are implemented in this study. The main purpose of the tests is not to elicit definitive information about the tested materials but to allow the P-RAT interpretation methodology to be revealed. The results suggest that this interpretation method can be beneficially used with other piezoelectric techniques (e.g., BE).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".