Karst groundwater activity and landform genesis in modern permafrost regions of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Specific karst studies have been limited to date to the discontinuous and widespread permafrost zones in Canada. Karst landforms are developed in 180–200 m of massive Devonian limestones resting on 1000 m of dolomites. Groundwater circulation is known to pass at least 500 m down into the latter. The buttes are truly permafrozen, with no groundwater flow taking place. Fossil caves that penetrate them become completely filled with ice or frozen silt within a few meters of the entrances. A low zone is represented by poljes and the bases of all large sinkholes and solutional corridors. The karst landforms are varieties of sinkholes and solutional corridors. The rugged Nahanni karst contains many isolated, butte-like rock masses with extensive benches below them that are dotted with sinkholes. The karst is developed in Ordovician–Devonian limestones, dolomites and gypsum that dip gently westwards except where locally deformed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".