Risk factors and cerebral glucose metabolism of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson＇s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the risk factors of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）with mild cognitive impairment and mode of cerebral glucose metabolism. Methods One hundred and one non-dementia PD patients were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）and divided into the PD with mild cognitive impairment （PD-MCI）group and the PD non-cognitive impairment（PD-NC）group. The demographic details, clinical features,Unified Pakinson＇s Disease Rating Scale（UPDRS）, Hohen-Yahr rank and Hamilton Depression Scale（HAMD）were compared between the two groups. Patients in Hohen-Yahr stage 1 underwent positron emission tomography（PET）with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose（18F-FDG）to show glucose metabolism. Results Seventy-seven（74. 3%）PD patients had mild cognitive impairment PD-MCI group had higher score in UPDRS 1st（mentation ,behavior and mood）,2nd （activity of daily living）and 3rd（motor examination）subscale（2.48 ± 1.51,10. 71 ± 4. 88,22.31 ± 12.70）than PD-NC group（1.65 ± 1.29,8.15 ±2. 20,15.92 ±7.56,P 〈0.05）respectively. The FDG metabolism ratio of frontal cortex,parietal cortex and occipital cortex decreased more significantly in PD-MCI than in PD-NC（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions The risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in PD include moter dysfunction, clinical stage and depression. The metabolic dysfunction of cortex may be the mechanism of mild cognitive impairment in PD. Key words: Parkinson＇s disease; Cognitive impairment; Positron emission tomography
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".