Editorial: Steroids and the Brain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steroids and the BrainSteroids contain the perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene ring in their chemical nuclei.In vertebrates, steroids are synthesized in gonads, adrenal, and other endocrine glands and secreted into general circulation as hormones.Steroids and their receptors play significant roles in broad functions of the brain, such as regulation of socio-sexual behavior, aggression, neurogenesis, learning and memory, stress, cognition, mood and emotion.However, the brain is not only a target of steroids action but may also be the site of de novo synthesis from cholesterol or their precursors entering the brain.Malfunctions of steroid synthesis and signaling are related to a variety of human disorders such as gender dysphoria, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and aging related diseases notably Alzheimer's, among others.Therefore, this Research Topic aimed to collect knowledge in all aspects of steroid function in the brain from an evolutionary to physiological and pathological standpoints, which may bring new insights into steroid actions.The subtopics include neurosteroids, sex steroids and sexual dimorphism, learning, memory, various neuropsychiatric disorders, stress and steroids, and endocrine disrupting chemicals. NEUROSTEROIDSNeurosteroids are metabolic steroids synthesized from cholesterol in the central and the peripheral nervous systems (1, 2).The first article, a perspective of Steroids and Brain, is written by Baulieu who was the first to discover local synthesis of steroids in the brain (3).This perspective specifically reports on MAP4343, a synthetic pregnenolone-derivative. Additionally discussed is FKBP52, a key protein component of hetero-oligomeric steroid receptors, which interacts with Tau protein, thus playing important roles in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.The second article by Diotel et al. reviews neurosteroidogenesis and signaling of estrogen, progestogen, and androgen in the brain of fish, birds, and mammals and discusses the roles of sex steroids in neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and sexual behavior (4).This review further probes how steroids and lipoproteins are transported between the periphery and the brain.The authors emphasize the beneficial effects of steroids and lipoproteins against ischemic stroke, also highlighting their potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.The third article by Da Fonte et al. is an original research article that reports on secretoneurin A (SNa) and regulation of goldfish radial glial cells (RGCs).The neuropeptide SNa is derived from proteolytic processing of the secretogranin-2 in magnocellular cells within the RGC rich preoptic nucleus.Radial glial cells are the main macroglia and have established roles in neuroesgtogen synthesis as the only site for aromatase B expression in the teleost brain, a characteristic linked to neurogenesis (5).Their previous study indicated that SNa inhibits the expression of aromatase B that converts estrogens from androgen in RGCs (6).The new results based on transcriptomic analysis suggest additional roles for SNa in the control of cell proliferation and neurogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".