The Complex Families of Filipina Immigrant Nurses and Garment Workers in Manitoba in the Sixties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper adds to the critique of the thesis that the nuclear family was normative in Western society by describing the “complex” families that Filipina nurses and garment workers built when they immigrated to Manitoba in the 1960s. Upon their arrival in Manitoba, these Filipinas formed substitute sibling families that served as natural support systems. Then, after having settled in the province, they took on parental roles toward the kin they had left behind in the Philippines as well as fellow Filipinos who had immigrated to Canada after them. Finally, they sponsored close relatives to join them in Manitoba when Canadian immigration policy became more open. However, the socio-economic stratification within the Filipino community in Manitoba during its first decade in the province affected the ways nurses (among other professionals) and garment workers (among other working-class individuals) respectively built these “complex” families from different perspectives and with different approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".