Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter reports and synthesizes results obtained from several laboratory and field projects that were completed recently. Rainwash (material entrained by direct drag forces, plus material entrained by splash and transported by wash) pertaining to an alpine podzolic soil from the Canadian Rockies was found to range from 5.62 to 10.78 g m -2 min -1 with a coefficient of variation of 18.4%. Minor design modifications were incorporated to improve the separation of materials transported by rainwash and splash-saltation. In the case of Pontypool, the increased variability in runoff had little effect on rainwash because entrainment by splash-saltation was dominant. Where the dominance of splash-saltation in causing entrainment was partially eclipsed by turbulence in the raindrop-disturbed flow as in the case of Lockport, some increases in rainwash variability were observed. Moreover, the lower rainwash-runoff relationship in these soils implies that splash-saltation was dominant over flow turbulence in the entrainment of surface particles or aggregates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".