Evidence from stable-isotope labeling that catechol is an intermediate in salicylic acid catabolism in the flowers of Silene latifolia (white campion)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Main conclusion A stable isotope-assisted mass spectrometry-based platform was utilized to demonstrate that the plant hormone, salicylic acid, is catabolized to catechol, a widespread secondary plant compound. Abstract The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in the overall plant defense program, as well as various other aspects of plant growth and development. Although the biosynthetic steps toward SA are well documented, how SA is catabolized in plants remains poorly understood. Accordingly, in this study a series of stable isotope feeding experiments were performed with Silene latifolia (white campion) to explore possible routes of SA breakdown. S. latifolia flowers that were fed a solution of [ 2 H 6 ]-salicylic acid emitted the volatile and potent pollinator attractant, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene (veratrole), which contained the benzene ring-bound deuterium atoms. Extracts from these S. latifolia flowers revealed labeled catechol as a possible intermediate. After feeding flowers with [ 2 H 6 ]-catechol, the stable isotope was recovered in veratrole as well as its precursor, guaiacol. Addition of a trapping pool of guaiacol in combination with [ 2 H 6 ]-salicylic acid resulted in the accumulation of the label into catechol. Finally, we provide evidence for catechol O -methyltransferase enzyme activity in a population of S. latifolia that synthesizes veratrole from guaiacol. This activity was absent in non-veratrole emitting flowers. Taken together, these results imply the conversion of salicylic acid to veratrole in the following reaction sequence: salicylic acid > catechol > guaiacol > veratrole. This catabolic pathway for SA may also be embedded in other lineages of the plant kingdom, particularly those species which are known to accumulate catechol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".