Coated polymeric needles for rapid and deep intradermal delivery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two groups of single polymeric needles (crosslinked Gantrez®S-97 and poly(ethylene glycol)) of different lengths (2 mm and 4.5 mm) with defined base widths were fabricated and tested in terms of their mechanical strength and insertion abilities using two skin models (Parafilm® and porcine skin). For the shorter needles, application of an axial force (32 N) resulted in a height reduction of approximately 80%. Nonetheless, around 80% of total needle length was successfully inserted in both skin models. Optical coherence tomography showed that base width highly impacted insertion capabilities of the longer needles as only the thicker one (0.922 mm width at base) inserted into porcine skin. Additionally, needles were coated with rhodamine B and inserted into porcine skin. In comparison to a control, penetration depth of the model drug increased 2-fold for short and 4.5-fold for long needles, respectively. Moreover, quantification across skin sections showed that shorter needles delivered 10 μg of the compound in a depth of 1.5-2.0 mm while long needles were capable of delivering 5 μg into even deeper skin layers (2.0-3.0 mm), confirming the potential of coated polymeric needles for rapid and deep intradermal delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".