Combined Healthy Lifestyle Is Inversely Associated with Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders among Iranian Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although lifestyle-related factors have separately been examined in relation to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), there is no epidemiological data on the combined association of lifestyle factors with these conditions. We aimed to examine how combinations of several lifestyle factors were associated with functional dyspepsia (FD), its symptoms, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a large group of Iranian adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: In a cross-sectional study on 3,363 Iranian adults, we calculated the "healthy lifestyle score" for each participant by summing up the binary score given for 5 lifestyle factors, including dietary habits, dietary intakes, psychological distress, smoking, and physical activity. A dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire, General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire, and other pre-tested questionnaires were used to assess the components of healthy lifestyle score. To assess FGIDs, a validated Persian version of ROME III questionnaire was used. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that individuals with the highest score of healthy lifestyle had 79 and 74% lower odds of FD (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.92) and GERD (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09-0.69), respectively, compared with those with the lowest score. They were also less likely to have early satiation (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.73), postprandial fullness (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.50), and epigastric pain (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.92). In addition to the combined healthy lifestyle score, low levels of psychological distress, a healthy diet, healthy dietary habits, and nonsmoking were separately and protectively associated with FGIDs. CONCLUSION: We found that adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with lower odds of GERD, FD, and its symptoms in this group of Iranian adults, in a dose-response manner. Individual lifestyle-related factors were also associated with these conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".