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Record W3033909146 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000080

Harm Reduction for Injection Drug Users with Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review

2020· review· en· W3033909146 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Anees Bahji, Bobby Yanagawa, Wiplove Lamba

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2020
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicClostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoSt. Michael's HospitalQueen's University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicinePsychological interventionHarm reductionSystematic reviewAddictionEmergency medicineIntensive care medicineMEDLINEPsychiatryPublic healthNursing

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACTRésumé Background: Infective endocarditis in the setting of injection drug use (IDU-IE) can be managed medically and surgically, but the greatest risk to short-term survival are complications of continued use. Despite this, harm reduction interventions have not been widely adopted in inpatient settings for individuals with IDU-IE. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the types, effectiveness, and availability of targeted harm reduction interventions for individuals with IDU-IE. In this review, harm reduction was defined as any practice aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with substance use. Methods: In accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines, 5 electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies targeting harm reduction interventions for individuals with IDU-IE. Study quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Key findings of studies were summarized descriptively as a quantitative meta-analysis could not be undertaken. Results: Four studies (involving 221 participants) met eligibility criteria. The mean age was 39.3 ± 16.7 years, 69.8% were males and 80.7% had an opioid use disorder. Harm reduction interventions included inpatient addictions consultations, needle hygiene interventions, and outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. Such interventions were associated with decreased morbidity and mortality for individuals with IDU-IE: 19% of patients receiving inpatient addictions consultation subsequently accepted residential treatment, 38% engaged in follow-up, and monthly illicit opioid use was lowered from 16.5 days to 1.5 days. Six-month mortality was 7.1%. Of the patients who received outpatient parenteral antibiotics, 93% did not experience any recurrent infections during follow-up and there were no patient deaths. Needle hygiene interventions reduced the rate of bacterial infections over a 6-month follow-up period (hazard ratio: 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.74). Conclusion: Harm reduction interventions are potentially effective means for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with IDU-IE. Contexte: L’endocardite infectieuse dans le contexte de l’utilisation de drogues injectables (IDU-IE) peut être prise en charge médicalement et chirurgicalement, mais le plus grand risque pour la survie à court terme sont les complications d’une utilisation continue. Malgré cela, les interventions de réduction des méfaits n’ont pas été largement adoptées en milieu hospitalier pour les personnes atteintes d’IDU-IE. Objectifs: Le but de cette revue systématique était de déterminer les types, l’efficacité et la disponibilité des interventions ciblées de réduction des méfaits pour les personnes atteintes d’IDU-IE. Dans cette revue, la réduction des méfaits a été définie comme toute pratique visant à réduire les conséquences négatives associées à la consommation de substances. Les méthodes: Conformément aux lignes directrices PRISMA, cinq bases de données électroniques ont été systématiquement recherchées pour identifier les études ciblant les interventions de réduction des risques pour les personnes atteintes d’IDU-IE. La qualité de l’étude a été évaluée à l’aide de l’outil Cochrane Risk of Bias. Les principales conclusions des études ont été résumées de manière descriptive, car aucune méta-analyse quantitative n’a pu être entreprise. Résultats: Quatre études (impliquant 221 participants) répondaient aux critères d’éligibilité. L’âge moyen était de 39,3 ± 16,7 ans, 69,8% étaient des hommes et 80,7% avaient un trouble lié à la consommation d’opioïdes. Les interventions de réduction des méfaits comprenaient des consultations de toxicomanie en milieu hospitalier, des interventions d’hygiène des aiguilles et une antibiothérapie parentérale ambulatoire. De telles interventions étaient associées à une baisse de la morbidité et de la mortalité chez les personnes atteintes d’UDI-IE: 19% des patients bénéficiant d’une consultation en toxicomanie en milieu hospitalier ont par la suite accepté un traitement en établissement, 38% ont effectué un suivi et la consommation mensuelle d’opioïdes a été ramenée de 16,5 jours à 1,5 jour.. La mortalité à six mois était de 7,1%. Parmi les patients qui ont reçu des antibiotiques parentéraux ambulatoires, 93% n’ont pas connu d’infections récurrentes au cours du suivi et il n’y a eu aucun décès de patient. Les interventions d’hygiène des aiguilles ont réduit le taux d’infections bactériennes sur une période de suivi de 6 mois (rapport de risque: 0,80; intervalle de confiance à 95%, 0,37 à 1,74). Conclusions: Les interventions de réduction des méfaits sont des moyens potentiellement efficaces pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité chez les patients atteints d’IDU-IE.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.007
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.036
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: Systematic review
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.038

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0070.036
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0080.012
Bibliometrics0.0050.005
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.316
Teacher spread0.278 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSystematic review
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations17
Published2020
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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