Observation of modulation instability and rogue breathers on stationary periodic waves
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report an experimental study on the modulation instability process and associated rogue breathers for the case of stationary periodic background waves, namely dnoidal and cnoidal envelopes. Despite being well-known solutions of the nonlinear Schrdinger equation (NLSE), the stability of such background waves has remained unexplored experimentally until now, unlike the constant-amplitude plane wave. By means of two experimental setups, namely, in nonlinear optics and hydrodynamics, we observe the spontaneous modulation instability gain seeded by input random noise and the formation of rogue breathers induced by a coherent perturbation. Our observations are in excellent agreement with the NLSE dynamics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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