All-optical nanophotonic resonant element for switching and routing applications exploiting graphene saturable absorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A silicon disk resonator overlaid with a uniform graphene layer in an add-drop configuration is proposed as an all-optical routing element. Operation is based on the saturable absorption effect provided by the graphene layer. The element is thoroughly analyzed as a two-channel device in the context of an appropriate nonlinear framework combining perturbation theory and temporal coupled-mode theory. Taking into consideration the primary nonlinear effect, which is graphene saturable absorption, a design path is carefully developed that eventually leads to a traveling-wave resonant element with low-power requirements, low insertion loss, high extinction ratio, and sufficient bandwidth. In a subsequent step, other important nonlinear effects originating from graphene and the silicon disk, including the Kerr effect and free-carrier effects, are considered and means for counterbalancing their action are demonstrated. A low control power of 9mW together with a bandwidth of 20GHz is shown possible, with the insertion loss of almost 3dB and an extinction ratio over 10dB in both ports (add and drop).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".