Effects of clamping force on carrying energy ability of a harmonic scalpel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The carrying energy of a harmonic scalpel determines biological tissue coagulation quality, and is related to the clamping force between the blade of a harmonic scalpel and the biological tissue. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of clamping force on the carrying energy ability of a harmonic scalpel. First, the carrying energy model of a harmonic scalpel transducer is developed, which is regarded as a mass-spring-damper oscillator. Then, the characteristic parameters at various clamping forces are determined by a least-square parameter identification method, which represent the carrying energy ability of harmonic scalpel. Furthermore, the carrying energy ability relative to clamping force is evaluated by coagulating biological tissue in vitro. The results show that mass, force resistance and stiffness of mass-spring-damper oscillator increase with increasing clamping force, which reflects the increase of the harmonic scalpel carrying energy ability. This trends plateaus with the continuous increase of clamping force. Correspondingly, the coagulation depth of biological tissue increases with the increase of clamping force, and an optimal clamping force exists. The results of the histological investigations are in good agreement with carrying energy under different clamping force conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".