Cylindrical vector beam generation based on arc-induced long-period gratings in few-mode fiber
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the use of the cost-effective electric arc writing method for the all-fiber cylindrical vector beam (CVB) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam generation in few-mode fibers (FMFs) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. We show that this technique enables the writing of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with pitch values as small as 238 μm, which is required in some high-index contrast specialty fibers tailored for the stable guiding of CVB and OAM modes. Conversion efficiencies around 81% are measured for three different symmetric CVBs. The polarization-dependent properties of the fabricated gratings are elucidated, and we report a polarization-dependent loss of about 2.5 dB across the different CVBs. By means of a fabricated LPFG, we further demonstrated the all-fiber generation of the OAM states with topological charge (±1) at the output of the FMF. The results are relevant to the fields of space-division multiplexing, optical sensors, and optical tweezers that would benefit from a compact source of quality CVB and OAM beams of high average optical power.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it