Morphological and molecular phylogeny of the polycytopharyngeal ciliate <i>Pycnothrix monocystoides</i> Schubotz, 1908
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We reinvestigated Pycnothrix monocystoides Schubotz, 1908 from the intestine of the African Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis) collected from Saudi Arabia, using protargol impregnation and electron microscopy. Pycnothrix is a unique, up to 5 mm long intestinal ciliate with about two million cilia and many cytostomes (i.e. actual cytostome plus cytopharynx; polycytopharyngy) in the oral furrow (∼vestibulum) that extends on both sides of the cell. Both walls of the furrow are covered by adoral membranelle-like ciliary polymerizations. To the right of the furrow and the cytostomes there are small ciliary fields, very likely homologous to the “dorsal brush” found in free-living litostomateans. The molecular investigations show Pycnothrix as sister to Balantidium and endemic Australian intestinal ciliates, e.g. the genus Bandia. We propose that the common ancestor had both an oral furrow and a special ciliary field both similar to that found in Balantidium. The unique morphology (polycytopharyngy) and the rather distinct molecular separation suggest maintenance of the family status given by Poche (1913).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".