A System for Acquisition and Modelling of Ice-Hockey Stick Shape Deformation from Player Shot Videos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Ice-Hockey, a player shot significantly deforms the hockey-stick. Since this deformation plays a dynamic role in determining the flight of the puck, it is used in the study of hockey stick shapes, material properties, match to player style, etc. Reconstructing the deformable 3D shape of the stick during the course of a player shot has important applications. In this work we present a new, low cost, portable system to acquire videos of a player shot and to automatically reconstruct the deformation in 3D shape of the stick. The point clouds obtained are low resolution and noisy, as it is difficult to separate players hand geometry from the stick. We use the medial axis to constrain the point cloud to stick only geometry, and then use physics-based co-rotational FEM to determine the stick bend. We have tested the system with different sticks, players and shot styles, and our system yields accurate reconstructions. The results are discussed both qualitatively and where possible, quantitatively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".