Bibliographic record
Abstract
Detection of open conductor condition in a system with unloaded <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</b> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>g</b></sub> connected primary transformers has been a challenging task. This is due to the lack of detectable abnormal voltage and current responses when a conductor opens. This paper recognizes that the above situation is related to the positive sequence nature of the supply voltage. If the supply voltage were in zero-sequence, an open conductor would result in distinct voltage and current responses. Based on this understanding, a relaying scheme that uses the 3rd harmonic power is proposed to solve the open conductor detection problem. The 3rd harmonic is known to be dominant in zero-sequence and it exists in various parts of a power system. Performances of the proposed method have been evaluated using simulation and experimental studies. The proposed scheme can be easily implemented using a relay similar to the zero-sequence power relay. Extensive study results show that the proposed method is a promising technique to solve the open conductor detection problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".