Streamwise evolution of drag reduced turbulent boundary layer with polymer solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of local polymer solution injection on the evolution of a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer has been investigated experimentally. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions were injected through an inclined slot. The influence of polymer injection on boundary layer development downstream of the slot is assessed at three different concentrations (100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm) using planar velocity field and concentration measurements. A local drag reduction (DR) of up to 60% was obtained in the vicinity of the slot. A systematic change observed in the inverse of the von Kármán constant (k = 1/κ) with an increase in DR is used to define the sub-regimes of the high DR regime, and a linear relation between k and DR is shown to persist over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The analysis of combined velocity and concentration measurements provides added insight into the associated changes in the boundary layer characteristics and the underlying flow physics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".