Technique for Rapid Mass Determination of Airborne Microparticles Based on Release and Recapture from an Optical Dipole Force Trap
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe a method for the rapid determination of the mass of particles confined in a free-space optical dipole force trap. The technique relies on direct imaging of drop-and-restore experiments without the need for a vacuum environment. In these experiments, the trapping light is rapidly shuttered with an acousto-optic modulator, causing the particle to be released from and subsequently recaptured by the trapping force. The trajectories of both the falls and restorations, imaged using a high-speed CMOS sensor, are combined to determine the particle mass. We corroborate these measurements using an analysis of position autocorrelation functions and the mean-square displacement of the trapped particles. We report a statistical uncertainty of less than 2% for masses on the order of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kg}$ using a data acquisition time of approximately 90 s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".