Overcoming the Abbe Diffraction Limit Using a Bundle of Metal‐Coated High‐Refractive‐Index Sapphire Optical Fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While fiber bundles attract much interest in optics, their resolution is limited by the individual fiber size, which can be as large as a wavelength λ for common fiber optics materials. In order to increase fiber bundle resolution, in this work, high‐refractive‐index sapphire fibers with n > 3 are employed in the terahertz (THz) range, which ensures strong confinement of the guided modes and enables a fiber bundle resolution beyond the 0.62λ Abbe limit of free space optics. A sapphire fiber bundle is fabricated and its advanced resolution is experimentally demonstrated, using both analysis of the pair correlation function of the disordered fiber packing and continuous‐wave THz imaging. The resolution vares across the aperture with the mean value of 0.53λ, while, at certain regions of the bundle, it is as low as 0.3λ. The developed principles can be translated to any spectral range where high‐refractive‐index fiber optics materials are available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".