Parity-time symmetry in wavelength space within a single spatial resonator
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We show a parity-time (PT) symmetric microwave photonic system in the optical wavelength space within a single spatial resonator, in which the gain and loss modes can perfectly overlay spatially but are distinguishable in the designated parameter space. To prove the concept, a PT-symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) in the optical wavelength space is implemented. The OEO has a single-loop architecture, with the microwave gain and loss modes carried by two optical wavelengths to form two mutually coupled wavelength-space resonators. The operation of PT symmetry in the OEO is verified by the generation of a 10-GHz microwave signal with a low phase noise of -129.3 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset frequency and small sidemodes of less than -66.22 dBc/Hz. Compared with a conventional spatial PT-symmetric system, a PT-symmetric system in the wavelength space features a much simpler configuration, better stability and greater resilience to environmental interferences.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it