Effect of Cold Temperatures on Performance of Concrete under Impact Loading
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of cold temperatures on impact resistance and mechanical properties of a number of self-consolidating and vibrated concretes. Different mixture compositions were developed and tested under compression, four-point bending, and drop-weight impact loading. All tests were conducted at four different temperatures: +20°C, 0°C, −10°C, and −20°C. The studied variables were supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) [including fly ash (FA), slag (SL), silica fume (SF), and metakaolin (MK)]; the nominal maximum coarse aggregate size (10 and 20 mm), coarse-to-fine (C/F) aggregate ratio (0.7 and 2), and binder content (250 and 500 kg/m3). In addition, 35-mm steel fibers were introduced in one self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixture for comparison. The experimental results indicated that the compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance of all developed mixtures were generally improved as the temperature decreased. These improvements were more pronounced in mixtures with a relatively low binder content of 250 kg/m3 and mixtures with a higher C/F aggregate ratio. On the other hand, the lowest improvements were observed in higher strength mixtures and mixtures with more reactive SCMs such as SF or MK. Colder temperatures also boosted the role of fibers in improving the flexural strength and impact resistance of concrete.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it