Observation of a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> bound state in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have performed an exclusive measurement of the ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}pn$ reaction at an incident kaon momentum of $1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/c$. In the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}p$ invariant mass spectrum, a clear peak was observed below the mass threshold of $\overline{K}+N+N$, as a signal of the kaonic nuclear bound state, $\overline{K}NN$. The binding energy, decay width, and $S$-wave Gaussian reaction form factor of this state were observed to be ${B}_{K}=42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3{(\mathrm{stat}.)}_{\ensuremath{-}4}^{+3}(\mathrm{syst}.)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}, {\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{K}=100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7{(\mathrm{stat}.)}_{\ensuremath{-}9}^{+19}(\mathrm{syst}.)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$, and ${Q}_{K}=383\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11{(\mathrm{stat}.)}_{\ensuremath{-}1}^{+4}(\mathrm{syst}.)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}/c$, respectively. The total production cross section of $\overline{K}NN$, determined by its $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}p$ decay mode, was ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{K}^{\mathrm{tot}}B{R}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}p}=9.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8{(\mathrm{stat}.)}_{\ensuremath{-}1.0}^{+1.4}(\mathrm{syst}.)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{b}$. We estimated the branching ratio of the $\overline{K}NN$ state to the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}p$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}p$ decay modes as $B{R}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}p}/B{R}_{{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}p}\ensuremath{\sim}1.7$, by assuming that the physical processes leading to the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}NN$ final states are analogous to those of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}pn$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.317 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".