The Complexity of Deciding Statistical Properties of Samplable Distributions.
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We consider the problems of deciding whether the joint distribution sampled by a given cir-cuit satisfies certain statistical properties such as being i.i.d., being exchangeable, being pairwise independent, having two coordinates with identical marginals, having two uncorrelated coordi-nates, and many other variants. We give a proof that simultaneously shows all these problems are C P-complete, by showing that the following promise problem (which is a restriction of all the above problems) is C P-complete: Given a circuit, distinguish the case where the output distribution is uniform and the case where every pair of coordinates is neither uncorrelated nor identically distributed. This completeness result holds even for samplers that are depth-3 circuits. We also consider circuits that are d-local, in the sense that each output bit depends on at most d input bits. We give linear-time algorithms for deciding whether a 2-local sampler’s joint distribution is fully independent, and whether it is exchangeable. We also show that for general circuits, certain approximation versions of the problems of deciding full independence and exchangeability are SZK-complete. We also introduce a bounded-error version of C P, which we call BC P, and we investigate its structural properties. 1
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it