Cabello humano para valorar la exposición a arsénico en usuarios de agua contaminada de la comunidad La Fuente en, La Paz Centro, León.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of Arsenic in the surface and groundwater of Nicaragua is related to the geoenvironments present in the country. The study area is located NE of the Momotombo volcano, located in the volcanic arc in front of the Nicaraguan Depression, where the predominant geological material is rocks and sediments of the alluvial and volcanic Quaternary. The community of La Fuente is made up of 112 families (1300 inhabitants) that are mostly supplied with water by artisanal sources (90 dug wells and three drilled wells, one of them is communal). In a previous study, total arsenic in water was determined in a range of 2.0 to 103.0 µg/L, with the highest value being reported in a thermal spring; where 70% of the sites monitored (24 wells) reports values not suitable for human consumption (greater than or equal to 10 µg/L). The arsenic present in the water is absorbed by the tissues to be subsequently eliminated in the urine; but when the intake is greater than excretion it tends to be accumulated in hair and nails, as in urine and blood; these are excellent biomarkers to determine acute and chronic exposure to this metalloid. Considering the time of ingestion of water contaminated with arsenic by residents of La Fuente, it was decided to determine whether there is arsenic in the residents of La Fuente, using human hair as a biological indicator. A focus group was identified for this study considering the highest concentrations of arsenic present in water, as well as the longest intake time, resulting in a population group of 43 women and 9 men. Approximately 5 grams of hair was collected from each individual to be evaluated, totaling 52 hair samples. Arsenic concentrations detected in hair ranged from 0.014 to 0.925 µg·g-1; being these values less than 1.00 µg·g-1, standard established as a toxicity criterion by the Quebec Toxicological Center (CTQ). The highest concentrations of arsenic are associated with the oldest person (woman 90 years old) probably due to the longer exposure time; and the youngest (child 7 years), probably because this pollutant is transmitted from mother to children through the umbilical cord, the newborn presenting a concentration similar to her mother at birth. The community members were informed of their results as part of the social commitment to the population subject to the study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".