An Investigation of Active Microwave Remote Sensing of Summer Sea Ice in the Western Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Active microwave remote sensing is an important tool for classification of sea ice in polar regions. The aim of this research is to improve the understanding of microwave scattering that occurs during the advanced melt season, with a focus on multiyear ice (MYI). This was done using a combination of in situ C-Band scatterometer measurements, geophysical characteristics of ice, and Radarsat-2 data. Results indicate that it is difficult to differentiate between first year ice (FYI) and MYI during advanced melt but combinations of incidence angle and polarization exist that assist with this. It is known that the presence of liquid water governs microwave scattering, therefore further research investigating the variation of microwave backscattered signatures over a diurnal time period was conducted. These results indicate an inverse relationship between temperatures and microwave signatures. The overall results from this research show that summer MYI signatures are extremely variable and difficult to classify.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".