Dysbiosis is not present in horses with fecal water syndrome when compared to controls in spring and autumn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fecal water syndrome (FWS) is long-standing and common in horses, particularly in central Europe. No large epidemiological data sets exist, and the cause remains elusive. Dysbiosis could play a role in pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether dysbiosis is present in horses with FWS when compared to stable-matched control horses in spring and autumn. ANIMALS: Fecal samples were collected from horses with FWS (n = 16; 9 mares, 7 geldings) and controls (n = 15; 8 mares, 7 geldings). METHODS: The bacterial microbiome of samples collected in spring and autumn of 2016 was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Differences in relative abundance of bacterial taxa, alpha diversity, and beta diversity indices were assessed between horses with FWS and controls based on season. RESULTS: Differences in microbial community composition based on time point and health status were not observed on any taxonomic level. Limited differences were seen on linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. No difference in alpha diversity indices was observed including richness, diversity based on health status, or time point. No effect of health status on microbial community membership structure was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Limited differences were found in the bacterial microbiota of horses with and without FWS, regardless of season. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of microbiota in the development of FWS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".