Seventeen years of ozone sounding at L'Aquila, Italy: evidence of mid-latitude stratospheric ozone recovery and tropospheric profile changes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Ozone profile measurements collected at L'Aquila (Italy, 42.4° N) during seventeen years of radio-sounding (2000–2016) are presented here, with an analysis of derived trends. Model results from the SPARC-CCMI exercise are used in parallel to highlight the physical and chemical mechanisms regulating mid-latitude ozone trends. The statistically significant trends highlighted in time series at L'Aquila are those in the mid-upper stratosphere (+5.9 ± 4.2), mid troposphere (+5.9 ± 2.4) and upper troposphere (+2.5 ± 0.9), all in percent/decade. The upper stratospheric positive trend was already well documented in recent WMO assessments and attributed to the starting decline of stratospheric Cly and Bry and to the stratospheric cooling induced by increasing well mixed greenhouse gases, thus slowing down gas-phase reactions that destroy ozone in the upper stratosphere. The ozone increase in the mid-upper troposphere is largely regulated by the increasing strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, which moves more ozone from the tropics to the extratropics and enhances the tropospheric influx from the lowermost stratosphere. This climate feedback mechanism on tropospheric ozone is only partially compensated by the increasing chemical ozone loss associated to higher H2O values in response to the tropospheric warming. We also note that ozone trends obtained in the lower stratosphere are negative (−2.2 percent/decade), but do not result to be statistically significant in our analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".