Field Applications of Basalt Fiber Materials for Rehabilitation of Deteriorated Concrete Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deterioration of concrete structures is imminent with time, especially those subjected to the harsh environment in places like North America. The high cost associated with the replacement of these concrete structures has called for the development of innovative ways in which these structures can be rehabilitated effectively in a sustainable way without a huge economic burden. Several ways to repair deteriorated concrete structures have been developed over the years; however, some of these repair methods are expensive and not effective. Also, several innovative methods and materials have been studied in the past years; however, these materials and methods are limited to laboratory applications. To foster a sustainable and economic way of rehabilitating concrete structures, various basalt fiber products that have been extensively evaluated in the laboratory at the University of Windsor were used for rehabilitation of field concrete structures. Two concrete bridges located in Ontario, Canada, were selected for the case studies. Different types of basalt fiber products—chopped fibers, fabric, mesh, and rebar—were used to rehabilitate these existing structures. The field study shows that the use of basalt products is a sustainable and economical method for the rehabilitation of deteriorated reinforced concrete structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".