Low Energy Electron Transmission Through Thin Polymer Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While transmission and beam damage have been well documented in the TEM at high accelerating potentials, considerably less is known about these phenomena at lower accelerating potentials. Imaging using low accelerating potentials may be attractive as an analytic technique, because chemical degradation associated with electron beam irradiation in organic macromolecules may be a function of accelerating potential (e.g. 1, 2). The present work examines low-energy electron transmission through thin polymer films and beam damage produced by low energy (∼ 0.5-10 keV) electrons. Thin films of polystyrene were prepared by allowing a ∼ 0.005% solution of G3-5k arborescent polystyrene in toluene to evaporate on a holey carbon film. In solution, this arborescent polystyrene consists of spherical molecules of order 45 nm in diameter (3). When evaporated from dilute solution on a holey carbon film, monolayer thick self-assembled membranes form in some of the holes (figs. 1 and 2). The resulting films are highly reproducible in thickness and have a relatively uniform morphology (fig. 3).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".