Low Energy Electron Transmission Through Thin Polymer Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While transmission and beam damage have been well documented in the TEM at high accelerating potentials, considerably less is known about these phenomena at lower accelerating potentials. Imaging using low accelerating potentials may be attractive as an analytic technique, because chemical degradation associated with electron beam irradiation in organic macromolecules may be a function of accelerating potential (e.g. 1, 2). The present work examines low-energy electron transmission through thin polymer films and beam damage produced by low energy (∼ 0.5-10 keV) electrons. Thin films of polystyrene were prepared by allowing a ∼ 0.005% solution of G3-5k arborescent polystyrene in toluene to evaporate on a holey carbon film. In solution, this arborescent polystyrene consists of spherical molecules of order 45 nm in diameter (3). When evaporated from dilute solution on a holey carbon film, monolayer thick self-assembled membranes form in some of the holes (figs. 1 and 2). The resulting films are highly reproducible in thickness and have a relatively uniform morphology (fig. 3).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".