Using Linear Regression, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machine with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Multispectral Images to Predict Canopy Nitrogen Weight in Corn
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The optimization of crop nitrogen fertilization to accurately predict and match the nitrogen (N) supply to the crop N demand is the subject of intense research due to the environmental and economic impact of N fertilization. Excess N could seep into the water supplies around the field and cause unnecessary spending by the farmer. The drawbacks of N deficiency on crops include poor plant growth, ultimately reducing the final yield potential. The objective of this study is to use Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery to predict canopy nitrogen weight (g/m2) of corn fields in south-west Ontario, Canada. Simple/multiple linear regression, Random Forests, and support vector regression (SVR) were established to predict the canopy nitrogen weight from individual multispectral bands and associated vegetation indices (VI). Random Forests using the current techniques/methodologies performed the best out of all the models tested on the validation set with an R2 of 0.85 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4.52 g/m2. Adding more spectral variables into the model provided a marginal improvement in the accuracy, while extending the overall processing time. Random Forests provided marginally better results than SVR, but the concepts and analysis are much easier to interpret on Random Forests. Both machine learning models provided a much better accuracy than linear regression. The best model was then applied to the UAV images acquired at different dates for producing maps that show the spatial variation of canopy nitrogen weight within each field at that date.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it