Intrinsic-polarization origin of photoconductivity in MAPbI3 thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites (HHPs) exhibit exceptional photoelectric properties, facilitating highly efficient modern solar cells and photoconductive technologies. Both ion migration and intrinsic spontaneous polarization have been proposed as the main source of enhanced photoelectric activity, but the exact origin of the advantageous properties has remained elusive. Here, we combined nanoscale and macroscale device characterization studies to demonstrate that intrinsic polarization conductivity governs photoconductivity in HHP films. Conductive atomic force microscopy under variable light and temperature conditions showed that the photocurrent in these materials is directional and flows along the long crystallographic axis, as opposed to other conduction mechanisms that prioritize the shortest path between the electrode and the conductive tip. It was also shown that the photocurrent is suppressed at the tetragonal-to-cubic transformation. The findings were confirmed by macroscale device measurements. Following the nonvolatile memory nature of polarization domains, photoconductive memristive behavior was demonstrated. Understanding the origin of photoelectric activity in HHPs allows designing devices with enhanced functionality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".