The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Financial Market Development: The Case of Jordan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the causal effect between foreign direct investment (FDI) and financial market development (FMD) in Jordan. Annual time-series data is used over the period 1978-2017. Principal component analysis is employed to create two indices to reflect FMD, namely stock market development (SMD) and banking sector development (BSD). To detect the causal effect between FDI and FMD, Vector Autoregressive Regressions, Granger Causality test and Johansen Co-integration test are employed in the analysis. In the short-run, the findings of Vector Autoregressive Regressions document a positive significant effect between SMD and FDI, however, no effect is found between BSD and FDI. The Granger Causality test shows unidirectional causality between SMD to FDI. Moreover, the Johansen Co-integration test reveals a long-run equilibrium relationship between FDI and FMD. These results are expected to have important implications for policy makers in Jordan.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".