Development and evaluation of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell system for medium airplanes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper concerns a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based integrated powering system for a medium-sized airplane and analyzes it thermodynamically for its performance assessment and evaluation. It further investigates the system in relation to aircraft operating conditions and provides the conceptual solutions for heating and cooling at various temperatures. The results of the energy and exergy analyses and performance assessments of the proposed integrated system are presented and discussed. The exergy and energy efficiencies of the main components are calculated and observed for the SOFCs with the maximum values of 84.54% and 80.31%, respectively. The present integrated system has overall energy and exergy efficiencies of 57.53% and 47.18%, respectively. Furthermore, it is found that an increase in the reforming temperature ratio can improve the hydrogen yield. However, when the system is operated at a temperature higher than 800°C, the hydrogen yield decreases since a reverse water gas shift reaction is more pronounced. Moreover, the SOFC shows the best performance at 800°C with a maximum power density of 1.23 W/cm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".