Allaeotes niger, a weevil introduced to Cuba and the only known New World Stromboscerini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allaeotes niger He, Zhang and Pelsue, a weevil hitherto known only from the type series collected in China, is for the first time reported from Cuba. In addition to three historical Cuban specimens, approximately one hundred adults were observed in 2018 under bark of fallen logs at a plantation of (likely non-native) pines in westernmost Pinar del Río province. This is the only New World record of a member of the monophyletic core of the tribe Stromboscerini, otherwise distributed in a triangle delimited by Japan, Sri Lanka and northern Australia (plus a single mysterious record from Uganda). Phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (ITS2 and 28S) markers recovered the Cuban specimens nested within the tribe, but not in a clade with two unnamed congeners from Vietnam. Adults of all four known Allaeotes species are illustrated, including both named ones. Remarkably, both Cuban and Ugandan records of extraterritorial Stromboscerini pertain to species associated with dead wood, a biological trait possibly facilitating human-assisted transoceanic dispersal. Cuban populations of A. niger are interpreted as a pre-1990 human-mediated introduction. Two additional specimens of A. niger intercepted at US ports of entry arriving from China and the Dominican Republic, respectively, corroborate this hypothesis and suggest China as a likely origin of the Cuban introduction. All data used herein (specimen images, geographical localities, DNA sequences) are available online in a public dataset dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS012.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".