Directing near-infrared photon transport with core@shell particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Directing the propagation of near-infrared radiation is a major concern in improving the efficiency of solar cells and thermal insulators. A facile approach to scatter light in the near-infrared region without excessive heating is to embed compact layers with semiconductor particles. The directional scattering by semiconductor@oxide (core@shell) spherical particles (containing Si, InP, TiO2, SiO2, or ZrO2) with a total radius varying from 0.1 μm to 4.0 µm and in an insulating medium at a low volume fraction is investigated using Lorenz–Mie theory and multiscale modeling. The optical response of each layer is calculated under irradiation by the Sun or a blackbody emitter at 1180 K. Reflectance efficiency factors of up to 83.7% and 63.9% are achieved for near-infrared solar and blackbody radiation in 200 µm thick compact layers with only 1% volume fraction of bare Si particles with a radius of 0.23 µm and 0.50 µm, respectively. The maximum solar and blackbody efficiency factors of layers containing InP particles were slightly less (80.2% and 60.7% for bare particles with a radius of 0.25 µm and 0.60 µm, respectively). The addition of an oxide coating modifies the surrounding dielectric environment, which improves the solar reflectance efficiency factor to over 90%, provided it matches the scattering mode energies with the incident spectral density. The layers are spectrally sensitive and can be applied as a back or front reflector for solar devices, high temperature thermal insulators, and optical filters in gradient heat flux sensors for fire safety applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".