Two-dimensional hygrothermal modelling of masonry walls accounting for imperfections at the masonry joint
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hygrothermal models are important tool for assessing the risk of moisture-related decay mechanisms such as freeze-thaw in historic masonry structures. There are several sources of uncertainty when modelling masonry, related to material properties, boundary conditions, quality of construction and twodimensional interactions between mortar and unit. This paper examines one potential source of uncertainty; the imperfect nature of mortar joints. This interface may feature hairline cracks or imperfect bonds which can be modelled as a fracture. This will alter the rate of liquid transport into and out of the wall and impede the liquid transport between mortar and masonry unit. This means that the “effective” liquid transport of the wall system will be different then if measured properties of the bulk material were modelled. A detailed methodology for modelling the interface as a fracture is presented including material property definition. Two-dimensional DELPHIN models of masonry walls were created to simulate this interaction with varying levels of fracture widths (apertures). A series of hygrothermal simulations were performed to demonstrate change in moisture profile from the baseline condition. A significant increase in moisture absorption was found. This was dependent on aperture size, material and the relative size of the masonry modelled.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".