نطاق مسؤولیة الناقل الجوی للرکاب وأساسها فی نظام الطیران المدنی السعودی.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
نطاق مسؤولية الناقل الجوي للرکاب وأساسها في نظام الطيران المدني السعودي. فارس بن صالح بن صقر السِّهلي وزارة الداخلية – المملکة العربية السعودية البريد الإلکتروني : fss411@hotmail.com ملخص: معلوم أن النقل بشکل عام والنقل الجوي بشکل خاص عصبة الحياة بالنسبة لشعوب العالم أجمع فعن طريقه ينتقل الناس وتنقل البضائع وهو وسيلة الارتباط بين دول العالم ويقاس تقدم الدول بمدى تقدم النقل فيها وهذا الکلام ينطبق على النقل بشکل عام والنقل الجوي له خصوصيته فهو يتميز بالسرعة ويتصف بالدولية وتعتريه کثير من المخاطر لذا أصبح محط اهتمام الدول والمنظمات العالمية من أجل تنظيمه مما يقلل من مخاطره وحل مشاکل تنازع القوانين فيه وبما أن دراستنا للنقل الجوي تقتصر على دراسة نطاق مسؤولية الناقل الجوي للرکاب في نظام الطيران المدني السعودي، واعتمد البحث على أسلوب البحث النوعي التحليلي لنظام الطيران المدني السعودي والقوانين ذات العلاقة والاتفاقيات الدولية لبيان هذه المسؤولية.وتوصل البحث إلى ما يلى : أن حکم عقد النقل الجوي في الشريعة الإسلامية هو الجواز وأن فقهاء الشريعة الإسلامية لم يتحدثوا عن عقد النقل الجوي باسمه الحالي، لکنهم تکلموا عنه وعالجوا أحکامه ومسائله، وذلک تحت باب الإجارة في الشريعة الإسلامية، باعتباره إجارة على الحمل والنقل عن طريق الجو. فعقد النقل الجوي من الوجهة الشرعية هو: ((عقد معاوضة على تمليک منفعة معلومة مخصوصة بحمل ونقل راکب من مکان لآخر عن طريق الجو لقاء أجر معلوم بصيغة )) ، أن عقد النقل الجوي في الشريعه الإسلامية يعتبر عقد مع أجير مشترک، والأجير المشترک له ، أن نطاق سريان مسؤولية الناقل ينقسم إلى قسمين: أولا: في نطاق النقل المتتابع. ثانيا: في نطاق الناقل الفعلي ،أن اتفاقية مونتريال قد ميزت في تحديد الناقل المسؤول عن التأخير في النقل المتتابع بين الرکاب ونقل الأمتعة للرکاب. الکلمات المفتاحية : الناقل الجوي ، الطيران المدني السعودي، المسافر،مسئولية الناقل . The scope and basis of liability for the air carrier In the Saudi civil aviation system. Fares bin Saleh bin Saqr Al-Sahli Ministry of Interior - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Email: fss411@hotmail.com Abstract: It is well known that transport in general and air transport in particular are the league of life for the people of the whole world. Through it, people move and transport goods, which is the way of linking between countries of the world. The progress of countries is measured by the extent of progress in transport. It has many risks, so it has become the focus of attention of countries and international organizations in order to regulate it, which reduces its risks and solve problems of conflict of laws in it, and since our study of air transport is limited to studying the scope of responsibility of the air carrier of passengers in the Saudi civil aviation system, the research relied on the best B qualitative research and analytical system of civil aviation and Saudi relevant laws and international conventions that responsibility for the statement. The research reached the following: That the rule of the air transport contract in Islamic law is permissible and that Islamic jurists did not talk about the air transport contract in its current name, but they talked about it and dealt with its provisions and issues, under the section of leasing in Islamic law, as a lease on pregnancy and transportation by air. The contract for air transport from the legal point of view is: ((a contract to exchange ownership of a specific benefit in carrying and transporting a passenger from one place to another by air in return for a fee in the form of)) That the air transport contract in Islamic law is considered a contract with a common wage, and a joint wage for it. The scope of validity of carrier responsibility is divided into two parts: First: in the scope of successive transport. Second: In the actual carrier range. The Montreal Convention has distinguished itself in the determination of the carrier responsible for the delay in successive carriage between passengers and the carriage of baggage for passengers. Key words: air carrier, Saudi civil aviation, traveler, carrier responsibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.280 | 0.255 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".