An Investigation of the Relationship Between Acculturation, Follower Identity and Organizational Climate with Leadership Effectiveness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increasing international human migration resulting in 'globalization' of the workplace has brought in unique benefits as well as challenges.This study broadens the literature lying on the intersection of leadership and diversity in such organizational settings.While earlier empirical work concerning leadership in diverse groups has focussed on how majority leaders should manage dissimilar group members, this study investigated effectiveness of minority leaders who were dissimilar to the group they were leading.Specifically, the study was focused on investigating factors that are potentially related to a leader's effectiveness in a small group.Such factors included the state of immigrant acculturation to destination country's culture; group members' perceptions of leader group prototypicality and leader stereotypicality; effects of group ethnic diversity; and moderating influence of an organizational climate that is inclusive or otherwise.The data for this quantitative study came from 51 groups, ranging in size from 4 to 9 members, within diverse work settings (such as government or industry), in the Canadian workplace.The group leaders were first generation South Asians.Demographic data for the analysis was obtained from both leaders and group members.Using a convenience sample and a cross sectional design, this multilevel data was analysed using mixed model analysis with R.The results indicated that immigrant leaders unanimously chose to fully integrate with destination country's culture.Leader group prototypicality and leader stereotypicality were found to be important factors which contributed significantly to individual and group level perceptions of a leader's effectiveness.However, group demographic diversity was found not related to follower perceptions of leadership effectiveness.Another significant finding was that perceptions of leader effectiveness were not biased by leader gender.While majority of leaders found organizational climate as being inclusive, this factor was not found to significantly moderate the relationship between follower perceptions of leadership and follower ratings of leadership effectiveness.These findings have important implications for academic scholarship, business landscape, and policy makers.Specifically, this study provides empirical evidence that when immigrants accept and absorb the destination country's culture and values, they are better placed for leadership roles and are a potential resource that can significantly contribute to the human capital of the receiving nation.Similarly, the negative effects of diversity are minimized in inclusive work environments.Furthermore, dissimilar leaders in ethnically diverse groups being perceived as 'group prototypical' seems to suggest that the concept of group prototypicality itself has different connotations in varied settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".