Mortality and top-kill in Douglas-fir following defoliation by the western spruce budworm in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surveys of mortality and top-kill caused by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in 65 stands of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco are reported. Top-kill was detected in 85% of the stands and 25% of the trees surveyed. Mortality amounted to 8% and less than 1% of the trees examined in the Vancouver and Kamloops Forest Regions, respectively. Both frequency of top-kill and mortality were related to the number of years defoliation in the stand and were higher on suppressed trees than on dominant or co-dominant trees. Younger stands sustained a higher incidence of topkill than older stands. Tree mortality was higher on steep slopes than on flat terrain. These results suggested that top-kill or mortality were the results of physiological stress on the trees, in addition to the debilitating effects of defoliation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".